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THE SEPARATION

In Memoriam Wayne John Milner

1960 Walkerton — Owen Sound 2023

A survivor of Institutional Abuse and Neglect as a youth, locked up too young and too long somewhere in this province of ours, he never found the words to describe the horrors that four white walls could bring. Wayne died from exposure on the outskirts of town during the winter of 2022–23.

"Gathering remembers kind and gentle man who died by rail trail"

“I hold this slow and daily tampering with the mysteries of the brain, to be immeasurably worse than any torture of the body: and because its ghastly signs and tokens are not so palpable to the eye and sense of touch as scars upon the flesh; because its wounds are not upon the surface, and it extorts few cries that human ears can hear; therefore I the more denounce it, as a secret punishment which slumbering humanity is not roused up to stay.”
Charles Dickens, on Solitary Confinement, in 1842.

The Separation
At the old Owen Sound Jail

A Short Ghost Story & History Lesson (Compiled by A.J.L.)

The shadows of the old Owen Sound Jail stretched long and ominously as the last scarlet rays of the setting sun touched its weathered stones. The building had long been abandoned, its imposing structure haunting the memories of those who had heard the tales of torment whispered through generations. In its heyday, it was a place of despair and suffering, where the antiquated Separate System was ruthlessly employed. Now, less than two decades since its closure, it stood transformed into something utterly inconceivable — a novelty cocktail bar, where ne’er-do-well patrons reveled in the macabre history that clung to its whitewashed walls.

As the evening deepened, a solitary figure approached the entrance, his footsteps echoing eerily against the newly cobbled pavement. His name was Wayne, a man who had once been an inmate of the Owen Sound Jail, a man who had suffered the cruel horrors of solitary confinement as a teenager there. Wayne had heard whispers about the transformation of the jail into a bar, and morbid curiosity had drawn him back from exile to the place that had haunted his nightmares for so many years.

The thick heavy door creaked open as Wayne stepped inside. A wave of nostalgia and dread washed over him, and he was instantly transported back to a time when this place had been his prison. The dimly lit corridor stretched ahead of him, the flickering mock candlelight casting eerie shadows up the damp, mildew-covered walls. The air was thick with the scent of musk and the cheap cologne of the interlopers there.

Wayne approached the bar, which was fashioned from an old rusty cell door. He recoiled slightly at the sight of an old slop bucket holding champagne on ice, as a bartender in a kitsch warden uniform greeted him.

"Welcome to The Separation", the bartender said, handing Wayne a leather-bound menu that bore a haunting image of the jail in its prime. "Our specialty cocktails are inspired by the grim history of this place. May I start you off with something dark and intriguing?"

Wayne nodded, his voice barely a whisper. "I'll have the 'Solitary Confinement', please."

The bartender nodded, turning to craft the drink. Wayne felt a cold shiver as he glanced around the bar. The cells that once held him captive were now private seating areas, each still with their iron gate to separate them from the rest of the establishment. Patrons sat inside, sipping cocktails and laughing, completely unaware of the horrors that had unfolded within those very walls.

The 'Solitary Confinement' arrived, a deep crimson concoction garnished with a twisted sliver of lemon peel. Wayne took a cautious sip, the flavour a haunting blend of bitterness and sweetness, much like his memories of this place. As he savoured the drink, he couldn't help but overhear a conversation at the neighbouring table.

"Can you believe they once kept human beings in these tiny cells?" a woman casually remarked to her friends before adding, "There wasn’t even cranks for them to turn!"

Her friends nodded, their faces a mixture of drunkenness and indifference. Wayne clenched his glass, his knuckles turning white. They spoke of his suffering as if it were a distant legend, a mere curiosity to be recounted over cocktails.

Unable to bear it any longer, Wayne rose from his seat and made his way towards the bar. The bartender, a solemn expression in his eyes, met him there. "Is everything all right, sir?" he inquired.

Wayne's voice trembled as he spoke. "I was an inmate here, back when this place was a house of horrors. I endured the isolation, the cold, the torment. And now, they've turned it into a mockery, a place for people to revel in our pain."

The bartender's gaze softened, and he nodded in understanding. He removed a card from his pocket. One prepared for such expected occurrences as this. He read it to Wayne in what seemed like a rehearsed manner. "I know it must be difficult for you, sir. We try to honour the history of this place while also providing a unique experience for our patrons. We don't mean any disrespect to those who suffered here."

With that, the bartender handed the card to Wayne, showing him the voucher on the back entitling him to ten-percent off his next drink purchase.

Wayne clenched his jaw, torn between anger and despair. He knew the bartender meant well, but it was impossible to convey the depths of his suffering and the scars it had left behind. What use is a bartender who has never read The Ballad of Reading Gaol? A bartender that couldn’t spot an existential crisis if it were asking them to sample a Cask of Amontillado.

As he walked away from the bar, Wayne's steps led him deeper into the transformed jail. He passed by the cells-turned-seating areas, each one filled with oblivious patrons, their laughter grating on his frayed nerves. The memories of his own time in those cells as an adolescent rushed back with each passing moment, threatening to overwhelm him.

In one of the cells, he noticed a group of young people playfully posing for photos behind the iron bars, mimicking the suffering that had taken place within. They seemed completely unaware of what their ancestors could have suffered here, and how this nineteenth century Victorian dungeon was designed to crush the spirits and identity of all who entered it.

The irony of a jail like this being turned into a bar – one source of inter-generational trauma turned into another – seemed lost on everyone but Wayne.

Wayne couldn't bear to watch any longer. He stumbled through a dark corridor and found himself in yet another empty chamber, another cell whose secrets ultraviolet light could only hint at.

He sank to his knees, his fingers tracing the cracks and grooves in the cold, brick wall. Tears welled in his eyes as he remembered the solitude, the darkness, the relentless mental anguish. He had been neglected and abandoned here much too young. Those days never left him, they reverberated throughout his life, haunting whispers that had tormented him, suffocating his existence and trust in humanity, forever.

As Wayne wept in that desolate chamber, the laughter and revelry from the bar seemed distant, like the fading echoes of a nightmare. He had returned to confront his past, but the transformation of the jail had only deepened his pain. It was a place that had taken his humanity and now sought to trivialize his suffering.

What seemed like hours passed, and Wayne finally emerged from the chamber, his spirit heavy with the weight of his memories. The bar had grown quieter, and the patrons had mostly dispersed, leaving the jail to its ghosts.

The tired bartender approached Wayne one final time, now his expression filled with sympathy. "I'm truly sorry for what you've endured, sir. We never intended to hurt anyone with our concept. We only wanted to share the history, albeit in a unique way."

Wayne nodded, his voice trembling but resolute. "I understand your intentions, but the past should never be trivialized. This place holds the echoes of countless tormented souls, and it deserves more respect than this."

With that, Wayne turned and walked away from The Separation, leaving the old jail and its macabre transformation behind. Stepping out into the cool air, he couldn't help but wonder if the ghosts of the past were still lingering within those walls, yearning for a more dignified remembrance.

As the darkness reclaimed its hold on the building that had witnessed so much suffering, Wayne slipped into the night, his heart heavy with the burden of his memories, determined to ensure that the full history of this place was never forgotten – never whitewashed over like its walls. Castigat ridendo mores!

Kind & Gentle Wayne,
There's been one like him in every solitary cell.

“...the Owen Sound Jail should have been shut down long ago and perhaps preserved as a heritage building – monument to human ignorance and tragic waste of redeemable human lives.”
Phil McNichol, Owen Sound Sun Times, in 2011.

Some of the Known Short & Long Term Risks of Solitary Confinement...

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • Depression • Anxiety disorders • Agoraphobia • Panic attacks • Insomnia • Suicidal ideation • Self-harm behaviors • Loss of trust in authority figures • Social withdrawal • Difficulty forming relationships • Difficulty maintaining relationships • Paranoia • Chronic hyper-vigilance • Risk of delusions and hallucinations • Emotional numbness • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Heightened sensitivity to stimuli • Flashbacks • Increased risk of re-offending • Reduced educational attainment • Lower cognitive functioning • Poor impulse control • Disorientation • Memory problems • Loss of self-esteem • Increased risk of substance abuse • Decreased problem-solving abilities • Difficulty concentrating • Developmental delays • Increased risk of self-mutilation • Heightened susceptibility to mental illness • Decreased motivation • Avoidance of authority figures • Increased risk of future criminal behavior • Distrust of mental health professionals • Increased vulnerability to exploitation • Regression in social skills • Loss of hope for the future • Decreased ability to empathize with others • Impaired decision-making • Personality disorders • Disconnection from reality • Loss of coping skills • Inability to adapt to change • Fear of confinement • Increased sensitivity to stress • Difficulty expressing emotions • Inability to process trauma • Heightened anxiety in social situations • Reduced problem-solving skills • Inability to plan for the future & Inability to set and achieve goals • Impaired emotional regulation • Decreased sense of identity • Fear of abandonment • Difficulty in trusting oneself & Chronic self-doubt • Decreased self-worth & heightened risk of self-hate • Emotional instability • Loss of cultural identity • Decreased verbal communication skills • Social awkwardness • Alienation from peers • Difficulty in finding meaning in life • Loss of independence • Cognitive dissonance • Difficulty in expressing and managing feelings • Excessive guilt • Feelings of worthlessness • Increased risk of re-victimization • Impaired empathy for others • Reduced sense of morality • Impaired ability to handle stress • Hostility towards authority figures • Reduced self-awareness • Chronic physical health problems • Reduced resilience • Heightened risk of substance addiction • Impaired sense of time • Difficulty in seeking help • Insecurity about one's abilities • Difficulty trusting others • Inability to express needs • Emotional detachment • Hypochondria • Reduced ability to experience joy • Loss of faith in the justice system • Reduced ability to advocate for oneself • Chronic nightmares • Impaired moral development • Difficulty in managing anger & Increased thoughts of aggression • Decreased sense of hope • Increased risk of self-imposed isolation • Heightened risk of reclusive behaviours • Heightened vulnerability to bullying • Impaired ability to manage conflict • Difficulty in accessing mental health services • Risk of eating disorders • Development of maladaptive coping mechanisms • Increased susceptibility to manipulation • Decreased sense of safety • Loss of motivation to participate in rehabilitation programs • Heightened risk of chronic loneliness • Impaired emotional intelligence • Difficulty in handling disappointment • Decreased sense of fairness • Reduced ability to assert oneself • Inability to set boundaries • Impaired creative thinking • Chronic guilt and shame • Loss of interest in hobbies and activities • Decreased sense of spirituality • Difficulty in accessing educational resources • Impaired physical health due to stress • Heightened risk of self-neglect • Increased risk of obsessive-compulsive behaviors • Impaired problem-solving skills in everyday life • Decreased ability to take initiative • Difficulty in seeking justice or restitution • Increased risk of sexual dysfunction • Impaired ability to manage time • Loss of interest in self-improvement • Difficulty in identifying and expressing emotions • Impaired ability to navigate social situations • Decreased resilience to setbacks • Chronic mistrust of authority • Inability to make long-term plans • Reduced sense of personal agency • Impaired ability to adapt to change • Difficulty in expressing vulnerability • Increased risk of suicidal behavior • Loss of faith in humanity • Impaired sense of fairness and justice • Decreased capacity for self-compassion • Difficulty in managing intrusive thoughts • Heightened risk of dissociative disorders • Decreased ability to cooperate with others • Chronic feelings of injustice • Difficulty in accessing legal resources • Chronic self-criticism • Increased risk of regressive behavior • Impaired ability to make informed decisions • Hyperacusis or other hearing difficulties • Chronic pessimism • Difficulty in recognizing personal strengths • Decreased ability to engage in leisure activities • Impaired ability to tolerate uncertainty • Heightened risk of identity crises • Decreased capacity for self-forgiveness • Difficulty in accessing employment opportunities • Impaired ability to maintain a routine • Loss of hope for personal growth • Impaired ability to set and achieve personal goals • Difficulty in engaging in meaningful activities • Decreased sense of belonging to society • Early Death

It is, and always has been, Cruel & Inhumane Punishment


Learn More

It's a Matter of Time  .pdf

A 2015 systemic review of secure isolation in Ontario Youth Justic Facilities by the Provincial Advocate for Children & Youth.

CBC Docs: Born Bad  Documentary

For over 50 years, thousands of "bad kids" were sent to Ontario's training schools. A network of 13 provincially-operated detention facilities, they housed "troubled children" between the ages of eight and 16. Four survivors open up about the abuse they experienced.

Alone: Youth in Custody  .pdf

The Prolonged and Repeated Isolation of Youth in Custody. Report prepared by the Ombudsperson of British Columbia, 2021.

Voices from Within  .pdf

An older report from the Office of the Child and Family Service Advocacy showing the levels of Institutional Abuse and Neglect youth in Ontario face.

Out of Oversight, Out of Mind  .pdf

Investigation into how the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services tracks the admission and placement of segregated inmates, and the adequacy and effectiveness of the review process for such placements. By Ombudsman Ontario.

The Devil's Playground  .pdf

A Case Study of Elgin-Middlesex Detention Centre (EMDC) Demonstrating the Systemic Failings of the Ontario Corrections Regime, by Nicole Kelly.

Out of Control  Documentary

The CBC's Fifth Estate documentary on the death of Ashley Smith.

Behind the Wall  Documentary

The CBC's Fifth Estate's second documentary on the death of Ashley Smith.

Breaking the Cycle  .pdf

An update on the use of segregation and solitary confinement in Manitoba youth custody facilities. A special report by the Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth, 2021

Youth in Segregation  .pdf

Report on the segregation of Youth in Alberta, prepared by the Alberta Ombudsman, 2021.

Solitary Confinement Fact Sheet  .pdf

A fact sheet put out by the John Howard Society of Ontario in 2017.

1972: Whistleblowers Ignored  Toronto Star

An ongoing Star investigation of alleged physical, sexual and emotional abuse at the schools for troubled youth between the 1960s and the 1980s found that the province was warned as early as 1972.

Breaking Down the Walls  .pdf

Coordinating Legal and Extra-Legal Strategies to Abolish Solitary Confinement in Canada, by Rebecca Jones.

A Case for Abolition  .pdf

Call to end solitary confinement by The West Coast Prison Justice Society & The Law Foundation of British Columbia, 2016.

Solitary by Another Name  .pdf

The ongoing use of isolation in Canada’s federal prisons, by Prisoners’ Legal Services, a project of the West Coast Prison Justice Society, 2020.

By Any Other Name  .pdf

On Monday, November 16, 2020, a coalition of groups invested in justice for prisoners launched a 15-day spotlight on the ongoing practice of solitary confinement in Canada. This is their report.

Segregation in Ontario  .pdf

Independent Review of Ontario Corrections, report by the Human Services & Justice Coordinating Committee, 2017.

Canadian Civil Liberties Association  Website

The UNs Mandela rules dictate that being in solitary for more than 15 days is torture. If 15 days is considered torture, then why is the Canadian standard so much lower than that?

EMDC Online Memorial Wall  E.M.D.C.

The Elgin-Middlesex Detention Centre Online Memorial Wall. (Hamilton Jail)

HWDC Online Memorial Wall  H.W.D.C.

The Hamilton-Wentworth Detention Centre Online Memorial Wall. (London Jail)

CFPC: Position Statement  .pdf

The College of Family Physicians of Canada's Position Statement calling for the abolition of the solitary confinement of youth and in most other cases.

A Sourcebook on Solitary Confinement  .pdf

A sourcebook on Solitary Confinement, by Dr Sharon Shalev. Please visit her website www.solitaryconfinement.org for more.

Dutch List of Safe Countries  Webpage

Scoop: The Netherlands removed Canada from its list of safe countries in late 2021, in part due to Canada's extreme use of Solitary Confinement. (An archived version from 2021 when Canada was still on the list can be found here). Australia, New Zealand, and the UK were also removed.


Copyright © 2023 – All Rights Reserved by their Respective Owners
Edited By: A.J.L. with AI
Most Photos of the Owen Sound Jail By: Freaktography.com
Second Photo on Page By: Chestnut Park R.E. (Editor’s cell in the jail, inmate in 2002, at age 19)
(Photos Used via Fair Dealing, this work is non-profit, educational, not for resale, etc.)
Uploaded: October 31st, 2023


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